As shown by the test results, the new Intel processors in the mid-price category in terms of performance have a noticeable superiority over their predecessors. With good multi-threaded program optimization, AMD chips with a large number of physical computing units can sometimes offer serious resistance. However, we must admit that this is an ideal case when all processor cores are used as efficiently as possible. Unfortunately, this is not often encountered in real applications.
In games, new Intel solutions are unconditionally superior. As we could see earlier, the Sandy Bridge microarchitecture copes well with such loads, and the gap between both predecessors and competitor's models is maximum here. Using motherboards based on Intel chipsets with the ICH8R / ICH9R / ICH10R south bridge , in our opinion, it is optimal to organize four terabyte disks as follows.
And for more reliable storage of important data, we will combine the second half of the volume of these disks into a RAID 5 array . We get both a super-fast 2 TB system disk and a reliable and capacious 1.5 TB "archive" volume. It is in this configuration of two arrays that we created with default values \u200b\u200bthat we will conduct our further testing. Improving the performance of a disk subsystem is a complex issue. The increase in computing power of modern processors has led to the fact that there is a clear imbalance between the capabilities of hard drives and the needs of processors.
At the same time, neither expensive SCSI disks, nor even IDE disks can save you. However, if the capabilities of one disk are not enough, then maybe the presence of several disks will partially solve this problem? In addition, is it possible, using multiple hard drives, to improve not only performance, but also data storage reliability, so that the failure of one of the drives does not lead to information loss?
This very approach was proposed back in 1987 by American researchers Patterson, Gibson and Katz from the University of California, Berkeley. Using the charges on Intel chipsets with the southern ICH8R / ICH9R / ICH10R bridge , four terabyte disks are optimal, in our opinion, to be organized as follows. And for more reliable storage of important data to us, the second half of these discs we combine into the RAID 5 array .
We also get a superfast system disk for 2 TB, and reliable and capacious "archive" volume by 1.5 TB. It is in such a configuration of two arrays we created with the default values, we will hold our further testing. In the calculation of the insulation thickness, the climate parameters are taken into account, based on the indicators under the abbreviation of the HSOP . It shows how much degrees and for how many days is necessary with the help of heating to increase the temperature outside the window to comfortable + 20 ° C inside the house. It is calculated as the difference between the inner temperature (+ 20 ° C) and the average for the heating period multiplied by the duration of this period in days. Two or more hard drives are combined into one by sequential merging and volume summing.
If we take two 500GB disks and create from them RAID-0, the operating system will treat this as one terabyte disk. Whereas if the database is located on one disk, the hard disk itself will perform read / write tasks by different users sequentially. RAID-0 will allow reading / writing in parallel. As a result, the more disks in the array RAID-0, the faster the array itself runs. The dependence is directly proportional - the speed increases by a factor of N, where N is the number of disks in the array.
These Intel Core i3 processors differ from others with good performance. This was largely achieved by specialists by lowering the heat release rate. The connector type in the model is of the "Socket" type.
The clock frequency of the device is at around 3500 MHz. The cache memory is the same as in other models. The processor core is installed in the "Bridge" series.
The speed of buffered reading in 3-5 GB / s is the values \u200b\u200bof one order with a bandwidth of system memory in a PC type of our test. The DMI bus, in which the southern bridge of Intel chipsets communicates with the system, has a much lower potential equal to the first generation PCI Express X4 tire (i.e. 1 GB / s in one direction). The second useful output from this diagram is for RAID arrays the data rate over the bus from the host to drives increases conditionally in proportion to the number of disks in the array. And for RAID 0, for example, at times exceeds the rate of data exchange with solitary SSD on the SATA bus.
Further on the list - the Intel Turbomode feature, which appeared in the Intel Core i5 and Core i7 processors, is known as "Turbo Boost". There are several parameters here to set limits to increase the performance of Intel Turbo Boost technology, such as the number of active nuclei, expected voltages, expected power consumption and processor temperature. The buffered read speed of 3-5 GB / s is on the same order of magnitude as the system memory bandwidth in a PC like our test. The second useful conclusion from this diagram is that for RAID arrays , the speed of data transfer over the bus from the host to the drives increases in proportion to the number of disks in the array.
And for RAID 0, for example, it is several times faster than the speed of data exchange with a single SSD on the SATA bus. When testing the Core i5-8400, we came across situations when this processor did not "fit" into the allotted limits for power consumption and heat dissipation and dropped its frequency below the nominal values. With the Core i3-8350K, such situations do not arise.
Its consumption never exceeds its allotted 91 W, thanks to which it operates at a constant 4.0 GHz frequency even during periods of maximum load. Accordingly, the use of a function that was useful for six-core processors cannot give any additional effect to the Core i3-8350K. The new Pentiums are on average 20% more productive than the CPUs of the same name for LGA1156 and practically compete on an equal footing with the Core i3 on the Clarkdale core, which are much more expensive.
Simplification of the functional part of these chips did not affect their speed performance too much. Therefore, these models can be fully recommended for creating universal systems and gaming platforms. In turn, the second generation Core i3 has significantly accelerated.
Well, in games, they sometimes look preferable to the quad-core AMD Phenom II X4. Considering that these processors have retained the functionality of older models, they may be interesting for creating both mid-level gaming PCs and powerful multimedia systems. Many mistakenly believe that to increase the performance of the computer, it is necessary to drive first of all the processor and the higher overclocking, the better the increase in the FPS. Although it is partly true and the frequency affects the performance of your computer very much, it also depends on the speed of RAM, as well as from the frequency of the video recorder and its memory.
On how to overclock the video card, we have already told in a separate article. Now it's time to pay attention to the frequency of RAM. Competent overclocking your RAM will allow significant Increase productivity. The beauty of the RAM acceleration is also in that, in contrast to or processor, higher frequencies and voltage of memory do not lead to the allocation of a very large amount of heat. Yes, the memory is still heating, but this heat dissipation does not matter any comparison with the heat generation of the overclocked processor or the video card.
The main function of a RAID array is not to increase the capacity of the disk subsystem , but to ensure the reliability of data safety and increase performance. For servers, in addition, a requirement is put forward for uninterrupted operation, even in the event of a failure of one of the drives. Continuity of operation is ensured by hot swapping, that is, removing the faulty SCSI disk and installing a new one without turning off the power. Because the disk subsystem continues to function with one failed drive , hot swapping provides user-transparent recovery.
However, the transmission speed and access speed with one non-working disk is noticeably reduced due to the fact that the controller must recover data from redundant information. True, there is an exception to this rule - RAID systems of levels 2, 3, 4 start working faster when a drive with redundant information fails! This is natural, since in this case the level "on the fly" changes to zero, which has excellent speed characteristics. Many people love this Intel Core i3 CPU 4150 processor for its high clock speed. All this allows owners to play a variety of modern games.
How Many Seconds In 2 Hours And 20 Minutes Additionally, this makes it possible to work with different programs. The quality of this model will be appreciated by people who work, for example, with video editors. Among other things, it should be noted a good TDP power.
The core in the processor is used by the "Nasvel" class. The cost of this device on the market is approximately 9600 rubles. This Intel Core i processor is capable of supporting many graphics cards. At the same time, it works absolutely silently and at high speed.
Separately, mention should be made of the new energy-saving system. The kernels are installed in the "Bridge" series. At the same time, the TDP power is at around 55 W. This model will cost about 9000 rubles on the market.
The internal clock frequency is at around 3700 MHz. Additionally, it should be noted that this dual-core processor has a good amount of cache memory. Integrated graphics in this model are provided by the manufacturer.
Among other things, it should be noted a good anti-virus protection. The mental balance of the parents depends on how the child grows and develops. To control physical development in infancy, mommy needs to measure the baby every month, paying special attention to the increase in height and weight.
If the values obtained correspond to the table standards, then the child is growing healthy and there is no particular reason for concern. The RAID5 and RAID0 combination, partially correcting the main disadvantage of RAID5 - low data recording speed due to the parallel use of several such arrays. The total capacity of the array decreases to the container of two, but, unlike RAID6, this array transfers the failure of only one disk, and the minimum required number of disks to create the RAID50 array is 6. Along with the RAID10, this is the most recommended RAID level for use in Annexes where high performance is required in combination with acceptable reliability. Our expectations of productivity growth were high, but realistic.
Intel Nehalem architecture today has no equal performance on the tact; We expected it would be nice to scale with the addition of every megahertz to the clock frequency. Of course, we do not recommend going to such a step if you want to save low power consumption in idle mode. Comfortable accommodation in the house provides for the creation of conditions for maintaining the optimal air temperature especially in winter. In the construction of the house it is very important to competently pick up the insulation and calculate its thickness.
Any construction material Whether it is brick, concrete or foam block has its own thermal conductivity and heat resistance. Under thermal conductivity understand the ability of building materials to carry out heat. This value is defined in the laboratory conditions, and the data obtained are given by the manufacturer on the package or in special tables. Heat resistance - the value of the reverse thermal conductivity. That material that perfectly carries out heat, respectively, has low heat resistance. Curiously, the HD Tach RW 3.0 low-level test, which uses access to the drive bypassing the file system, showed values \u200b\u200bof 217 and 165 MB / s for these two parameters, respectively .
True, enabling write caching (WC \u003d yes in the diagrams) by means of Windows slightly slows down the sequential write and read speed, but it is not so critical that it could be considered unacceptable. Moving down the conventional scale of differentiation of current Intel processors, Core i3 is followed by Pentium chips. With the advent of the Core architecture, without exaggeration, the legendary brand was used to refer to reasonably affordable CPUs with a traditionally good price / performance ratio. The modernization of this line has been asking for a long time. Pentium on the Clarkdale core for the LGA1156 socket have not received significant distribution. The market situation at the time of the release of this platform developed in such a way that it was primarily positioned by Intel as a solution for mid-range and high-end systems.
Therefore, even after the expansion of the initial range of processors, the minimum cost of an admission ticket here remained quite high. The most affordable Pentium G6950 has a retail price of about $ 100, which is a bit expensive for an entry-level PC. It is not difficult to assume that Pentium for LGA1156, combining two crystals , has a higher cost price. Therefore, it is quite difficult to seriously reduce the price of these processors. In addition, in this case we are talking about budget chips of mass production. And motherboards cheaper than $ for LGA1156 actually appeared only after the announcement of Sandy Bridge.
The current line of processors consists of four models. The younger Core i with a clock speed of 3.1 GHz is offered for $ 117. Intel also envisioned a low-cost version of the i3-2100T with a 35W TDP. Typically, CPU power consumption can be reduced by lowering the operating clock frequency and supply voltage. On motherboards that allow the user to independently downlock and reduce the voltage below the recommended values, it is often possible to achieve similar results.
But in the event that this is not possible, the purchase of energy efficient models will be justified. Core i3-2100T operates at 2.5 GHz, and the frequency of the graphics unit has been reduced from 850 MHz to 650 MHz, while it can dynamically increase to 1.1 GHz. The core in the processor is installed of the Hasvel class. It should also be noted a reliable protection system.
